Måle penis - Kan hånden si noe om størrelsen på penis?

Et av resultatene, det som ikke handler om størrelsen, viser at gutter kommer litt tidligere i puberteten nå enn på tallet. Men; så var det dette andre resultatet da, som de bulgarske og amerikanske forskerne kom fram til. Penisforskjellen mellom by og land i Bulgaria åpenbarte seg ettersom forskerne målte lem etter lem på studiens deltakere, hankjønn i alderen år.

Landsby-babyer ble født med større penis 3,64 cm enn nye borgere i hovedstaden Sofia 3,49 cm. Forskjellen i størrelse viste seg også hos gutter som er gjennom puberteten.

Hos snokene finnes det både giftige og ikke-giftige arter. Nyere forskning tyder på at alle slanger, og mange øgler, produserer litt gift i spyttkjertlene, eller at de i hvert fall har pseudogener for giftproduksjon. Giftslangene skiller seg ut ved å ha utviklet denne egenskapen i ekstrem retning. Gifttennene sitter alltid i overkjeven, men oppbygning og plassering varierer.

Hos giftige snoker sitter giftennene langt bak i munnen, og kan ha en fure som giften kan renne i opisthoglyf. Hos giftsnokene er furen lukket til en rør, og gifttennene sitter framme i munnen proteroglyf. Artene i hoggormfamilien har også hule gifttenner framme i munnen, men hos dem er gifttennene lengre, og de kan bøyes opp mot ganen når de ikke er i bruk solenoglyf. Tennene hos slanger uten gifttenner betegnes som aglyfe.

Blant de ulike artene av jordvipere finnes alle fire typer av tenner. Bak hver gifttann sitter det en reservetann, som overtar når den gamle tanna er utslitt. Kanalen som fører gift fra giftkjertelen må samtidig flytte seg. Giften presses ut ved hjelp av muskler som klemmer på giftkjertlene. Spyttekobraene kan sprute gift ut av tennene framover mot øynene og ansiktet til en angriper. Giftinnsprøytningen er viljestyrt, og giftslanger biter ofte «tørt» når formålet er å skremme, slik at giften ikke brukes opp.

Slangegift er en blanding av proteiner, enzymer , cellegifter , nervegifter og koagulerende stoffer. Blandingen varierer mellom ulike grupper og arter av slanger. Etter virkemåten kan en skille mellom tre typer giftstoffer: hemotoksiske virker på hjerte- og karsystem , for eksempel ved å forårsake hemolyse , nevrotoksiske virker på hjernen og det øvrige nervesystemet , og cytotoksiske bryter ned cellevev rundt bittet.

Nesten all slangegift inneholder enzymet hyaluronidase , som hjelper giftstoffene med å trenge raskt inn i kroppsvevet.

Den sterkeste slangegiften finnes hos giftsnokene. Havslangene er avhengig av hurtigvirkende gift, så byttet ikke forsvinner i mørkt og grumset vann. Tennene hos medlemmene i hoggormfamilien er så effektive til å føre store mengder gift inn i byttet, at det ikke er nødvendig med like sterk gift. Å lage en liste over de giftigste slangene byr på en del metodiske problemer, og har liten praktisk nytte. Mengden gift i et bitt varierer mellom artene, og har naturligvis stor betydning for hvor farlig slangen er.

Den australske herpetologen Bryan Grieg Fry har sammenstilt målinger av giftighet fra flere kilder. Gift fra ulike slanger er injisert i mus , og dosen der halvparten dør LD 50 er målt. Her er det to feilkilder; for det første kan det tenkes at mus i forhold til kroppsstørrelsen tåler mer eller mindre av ulike typer gift enn mennesker. Den andre utfordringen er å finne en måte å injisere giften på som tilsvarer et slangebitt.

Hvis en ser på injeksjon under huden subkutan , så er den australske innlandstaipanen Oxyuranus microlepidotus den giftigste slangen. Når slangegift kommer inn i kroppen til dyr eller mennesker, vil immunforsvaret produsere antistoffer for å stanse forgiftningen. Motgift serum, antivenom mot slangebitt produseres ved at små doser slangegift injiseres i for eksempel hester , sauer , geiter eller kaniner.

Deretter kan motgiften utvinnes fra blodet til dyret, og brukes til behandling av slangebitt. Den romerske dikteren Lucan omtaler så tidlig som i 60 e. Noen dyr som ofte jakter på slanger, tåler høye doser av slangegift.

Dette gjelder blant annet piggsvin , honninggrevling , sekretærfugl og manguster. Ingen slanger jakter på mennesker, og de angriper ikke før de blir skremt. Hvis en ser bort fra de store kvelerslangene, så er ikke-giftige slanger ufarlige for mennesker. De kan bite, men tennene gjør liten skade, selv om det er en viss infeksjonsfare i såret. Bitt av giftslanger er derimot et alvorlig helseproblem.

Verdens helseorganisasjon antok i at på verdensbasis blir cirka 2,7 millioner mennesker bitt av slanger hvert år, og mellom 81 og   dør på grunn av slangegift. I utviklingsland prøver de fleste først tradisjonell behandling , før de eventuelt oppsøker en lege som driver med vestlig medisin. I Europa er hoggormene i slekten Vipera de eneste giftige slangene, og slangebitt forekommer relativt sjeldent.

De farligste bittene forårsakes av de storvokste artene i Sør-Europa, og en antar at 48— mennesker i Europa dør hvert år av hoggormbitt. I Nord-Afrika og Midtøsten lever det flere arter i hoggormfamilien som er farligere enn de europeiske, og i tillegg finnes det her potensielt farlige giftsnoker, som egyptisk kobra og ørkenkobra.

Likevel forekommer farlige slangebitt forholdsvis sjeldent, og stikk av skorpioner er vanligere. Situasjonen i Nord-Amerika minner om Europa med få slangebitt, bortsett fra at klapperslangene overtar hoggormenes plass. I USA er det bare omtrent fem dødsfall i året på grunn av klapperslangebitt. Mokasinslanger biter ofte mennesker, men sjelden med dødelig resultat. I Mellom- og Sør-Amerika er derimot bitt av giftslanger vanlig, og årlig dødstall er mellom og De farligste slangene her er klapperslangen Crotalus durissus og lanseslangene Bothrops atrox og B.

Korallslangene har en farlig gift, men de er sky, og biter sjelden mennesker. Helsevesenet er dårlig utbygd i de fleste afrikanske land sør for Sahara , og statistikken over slangebitt er derfor mangelfull. Slangebitt er vanlig, og forekommer både i jordbruksområder, og inne i storbyer.

Nattviperen Causus maculatus er aggressiv, men ufarlig, og biter mange i bananplantasjer. Farlige arter er svarthalset spyttekobra , grønn mamba , svart mamba , gabonviper , puffadder og flere efaner. I denne verdensdelen finnes det også farlige snoker, som boomslangen. Dødeligheten antas å ligge mellom og 32  tilfeller i året.

Antall slangebitt varierer mellom de ulike delene av Asia. I Øst-Asia er farlige bitt relativt sjeldne, og forårsakes i tilfelle av ulike gruveslanger. Sør-Asia er derimot det området i verden som har flest dødsfall på grunn av giftslanger. Her er befolkningstettheten stor, mulighet for medisinsk behandling mangler ofte, og det finnes mange giftige slangearter. Flest mennesker drepes av Russells hoggorm , efan , og i Sørøst-Asia gruveslangen Calloselasma rhodostoma.

Andre farlige arter er indisk kobra og vanlig krait. Her lever også verdens største giftslange, kongekobraen, men den holder seg stort sett unna bebygde områder. En antar at det totale antallet dødsfall på grunn av slangebitt for hele Asia ligger mellom 15  og 58  i året. De australske giftsnokene har svært sterk gift, men i dette landet er det er få dødsfall på grunn av slangebitt.

Her er helsevesenet forberedt på slangebitt, og har motgift lett tilgjengelig. Befolkningstettheten er liten, og slanger og mennesker kan unngå hverandre. Havslangene har en vid utbredelse, og er svært giftige.

Likevel er farlige bitt sjeldne, ettersom de har små gifttenner, og er lite aggressive. Virkningen av et giftslangebitt varierer avhengig av mange faktorer, som slangeart, hvor mye gift som ble injisert, hvilken kroppsdel som ble bitt, og helsetilstanden til offeret.

Frykten som kommer av at en er blitt bitt, fører til kvalme og svimmelhet. Giften kan også utløse et anafylaktisk sjokk. Slangegift er alltid en blanding av en rekke ulike stoffer, og det er vanskelig å sette opp generelle regler for hvordan virkningen varierer mellom ulike grupper av giftslanger. En kan likevel si at bittet til de fleste giftsnoker virker sterkest på nervesystemet.

Musklene lammes, og i verste fall stopper pusten, slik at offeret kveles. Bitt fra disse artene medfører som regel lite smerte og opphovning. Giften virker så raskt at mange dør før de har fått medisinsk behandling. Spyttekobraenes gift kan føre til blindhet , om en får den på øynene. Artene i hoggormfamilien har derimot et bitt som fører til sterk smerte, og hevelse og misfarging av huden. Giften virker på blodet slik at blodplatene ikke koagulerer, og offeret kan hoste opp blod, blø neseblod, og ha blod i urin og avføring.

Andre giftstoffer fører til nekrose , som kan gjøre det nødvendig med amputasjon av kroppsdelen som er bitt. Det tar lengre tid å dø av et farlig bitt, så pasienten har større sjanse til å komme seg tidsnok til lege. Rester av nekrotisert vev i blodet kan føre til akutt nyresvikt , som må behandles med dialyse.

Hvis en blir bitt av en slange, må en alltid oppsøke lege. Førstehjelp består hovedsakelig av å holde pasienten i ro, spesielt den legemsdelen som er blitt bitt.

En må ikke prøve å fjerne giften ved å skjære i såret, eller suge på bittstedet. Det er uenighet blant fagfolk om en trykkbandasje kan begrense spredning av giften. Allergiske reaksjoner på grunn av motgiften er vanlig, og kvalifisert medisinsk personell må utføre behandlingen. Slangene stammer fra øgler, eller i hvert fall en gruppe som stod øglene nær. Både varaner , ormeøgler og blindøgler har vært foreslått som slangenes nærmeste slektninger.

Det er nå påvist at evnen som noen skjellkrypdyr har til å produsere gift, oppstod allerede i overgangen mellom trias og jura for omtrent millioner år siden. Skjellkrypdyr som kan produsere gift, samles i gruppen Toxicofera , som omfatter Iguania , Anguimorpha og slanger. Det er av flere grunner vanskelig å studere slangenes evolusjon. Det er funnet få fossiler , og de som er funnet består som regel bare av spredte ryggvirvler.

Mitokondrielt DNA hos slangene har utviklet seg annerledes enn hos andre dyr, og er vanskelig å bruke som molekylær klokke. Det er to konkurrerende teorier om hvordan slangene utviklet sine særtrekk.

Den første teorien ble foreslått av Edward Drinker Cope allerede i Ifølge denne teorien har slangene en periode levd i havet, og mistet lemmer og øyelokk som en tilpasning til et slikt liv. Tilhengere av denne teorien peker ofte på de utdødde mosasaurene som slangenes nærmeste slektninger.

Teorien støttes av at de eldste slangefossilene tilhører marine arter, og av flere likhetstrekk mellom øynene til slanger og akvatiske virveldyr. Den andre teorien har for tiden flest tilhengere.

I den hevdes det at slangenes forfedre levde et underjordisk liv, og at kroppsbygningen er en tilpasning til dette. Gravende øgler har også reduserte, eller manglende, lemmer, og en langstrakt kropp. Tilpasning til et underjordisk liv kan også forklare at øyelokkene, og det ytre øret er forsvunnet. Det er likevel usikkert om slangenes forfedre var gravende, eller om de bare brukte huler som andre dyr hadde gravd ut.

Den nålevende øglen øreløs varan , er delvis gravende og delvis akvatisk, og minner på flere måter om slanger. Likhetene skyldes antakelig konvergent evolusjon , men arten kan gi et bilde av hvordan slangene oppstod.

Fra begynnelsen av sen kritt er det kjent flere fossile slanger med bakbein. Eupodophis fra Libanon , og Haasiophis og Pachyrhachis fra Vestbredden , er alle funnet i marine avsetninger fra cenomanium. De fossile slangene som er kjent fra slutten av sen kritt, mangler bakbein, for eksempel Dinilysia fra coniacium i Patagonia.

Mange arter fra kritt og paleogen føres til madtsoiidene. Denne utdødde familien hadde en vid utbredelse i Gondwana , og er også funnet i Europa. Alle de nevnte artene har opprinnelige trekk, som ikke finnes hos nålevende slanger, og betraktes som tidlige grener på slangenes stamtre.

De utdødde familiene Palaeopheidae og Nigerophiidae regnes til den nålevende gruppen Alethinophidia. Begge disse familiene hadde en vid utbredelse fra cenomanium i kritt til sen eocen , og ser ut til å ha levd i havet. Også mulige representanter for nålevende familier, som boaslanger og falske korallslanger , er kjent fra kritt.

Masseutryddelsen i overgangen mellom kritt og paleogen, da blant annet dinosaurene forsvant, rammet også slangene, spesielt de store artene. Ikke alle fossile slanger lar seg plassere i nålevende grupper. Noen utdødde slanger var større enn de nålevende, som Gigantophis garstini og Palaeophis colossaeus fra eocen. Den største kjente fossile slangen er Titanoboa cerrejonensis fra paleocen i Colombia.

Totallengden til denne arten er beregnet til 13 m , og vekten til kg. De første avanserte slangene tilhører den utdødde familien Russellophiidae som forekom fra cenomanium i kritt til sen eocen. En annen utdødd familie av avanserte slanger er Anomalophiidae som bare er kjent fra tidlig eocen. Den første snoken dukker opp i sen eocen, [34] men giftsnoker og hoggormer er derimot først kjent fra miocen.

Mangfoldet av avanserte slanger har utviklet seg forholdsvis nylig, i koevolusjon med smågnagerne , som er de viktigste byttedyrene. Havslangene og de australske giftsnokene er en ung gruppe, som har utviklet i løpet av de siste ti millioner år. Slangene utgjør en godt definert naturlig gruppe , men det er ikke enighet om slektskapsforholdene innenfor gruppen.

I linneansk systematikk regnes slangene som underordenen Serpentes eller Ophidia. Nærmeste overordnede gruppe er ordenen Squamata skjellkrypdyr. Det har vært vanlig å dele slangene i tre infraordener: ormeslanger, primitive slanger og avanserte slanger. Det har vist seg at primitive slanger er en parafyletisk gruppe , noe en ikke ønsker i fylogenetisk systematikk. Der blir nålevende slanger delt i to grupper, ormeslanger og Alethinophidia.

Avanserte slanger er en delgruppe av Alethinophidia, og omfatter over 80 prosent av slangeartene. Antall familier av slanger varierer mellom de ulike oversiktene. Boaslanger, pytonslanger, mudderslanger , spisshodepyton og jordpyton blir ofte slått sammen til en stor familie av kvelerslanger med det vitenskapelige navnet Boidae. Den store snokefamilien med arter er sikkert parafyletisk , og det finnes flere forslag for å splitte den i naturlige grupper.

Noen skiller av praktiske årsaker havslangene ut i en egen familie, selv om det er klart at de hører til midt i giftsnokene. Tidligere ble gruveslangene ofte plassert i en egen familie, men de fleste regner dem nå til hoggormfamilien.

Følgende stamtre bygger på en studie av morfologi og molekylære data hos nålevende og utdødde arter publisert av Lee et. Mennesket utviklet seg i tropisk Afrika, i et miljø med store kvelerslanger, og mange giftslanger, og frykten for slanger ser ut til være medfødt hos mennesker og andre primater.

Frykten er ikke viljestyrt, og kan virke irrasjonell. Å se et bilde av en slange kan være nok til å utløse fysiologiske reaksjoner, som økt puls og svette i håndflatene. Det er blitt hevdet at primatene utviklet bedre syn, og en større hjerne for lettere å kunne oppdage slanger. Forestillingen om drager forekommer over nesten hele verden, og må være svært gammel. Dragen kan være en sammensmeltning av slange, ørn og store kattedyr , altså de tre predatorene som aper frykter mest. Funn av fossile dinosaurer har antakelig hatt mindre betydning for utvikling av myten.

I mytologien til de australske aboriginene spiller Regnbueslangen en viktig rolle. Den fjærkledde slangen Quetzalcoatl var en mektig gud i flere mellomamerikanske indianerkulturer. I hinduistisk og buddhistisk mytologi finnes det en gruppe av gudeaktige slanger, kalt naga. I oldtidas Egypt symboliserte uraeusslangen kongemakt og guddommelig beskyttelse.

Fåvne og Midgardsormen er kjente slanger fra norrøn mytologi. Etter Balders død ble Loke straffet ved å bli bundet fast i en hule. En orm drypper gift på hodet hans, men kona Sigyn samler opp giften i et kar. Når hun må tømme karet, drypper det på Loke, og han vrir seg i smerte og forårsaker jordskjelv. Sjøormer er store slangeaktige fabeldyr som lever i vann, og troen på dem holdt seg lenge. I Antikkens Hellas var slangen hellig. En mente at slangen ble født på nytt når den skiftet hud, og at den derfor var udødelig.

Slik ble slangen forbundet med legeguden Asklepios. I templene til denne guden brukte man slanger i helbredelsesritualer, og det er slik æskulapsnoken har fått sitt navn.

Attributten til Asklepios var en stav omslynget av en slange, og æskulapstaven brukes fortsatt som symbol for legekunsten. Kan hånden si noe om størrelsen på penis? Av Sandra Marie Kristiansen. Publisert Denne artikkelen er over ett år gammel , og kan inneholde utdatert informasjon. Les også: «Ser jeg normal ut nedentil?

On entering puberty , the penis, scrotum and testicles will enlarge toward maturity. During the process, pubic hair grows above and around the penis. A large-scale study assessing penis size in thousands of to year-old males found no difference in average penis size between year-olds and year-olds. From this, it can be concluded that penile growth is typically complete not later than age 17, and possibly earlier.

In males, the expulsion of urine from the body is done through the penis. The urethra drains the bladder through the prostate gland where it is joined by the ejaculatory duct , and then onward to the penis. At the root of the penis the proximal end of the corpus spongiosum lies the external sphincter muscle.

This is a small sphincter of striated muscle tissue and is in healthy males under voluntary control. Relaxing the urethra sphincter allows the urine in the upper urethra to enter the penis properly and thus empty the urinary bladder.

Physiologically, urination involves coordination between the central , autonomic , and somatic nervous systems. In infants, some elderly individuals, and those with neurological injury, urination may occur as an involuntary reflex. Brain centers that regulate urination include the pontine micturition center , periaqueductal gray , and the cerebral cortex. The distal section of the urethra allows a human male to direct the stream of urine by holding the penis.

This flexibility allows the male to choose the posture in which to urinate. In cultures where more than a minimum of clothing is worn, the penis allows the male to urinate while standing without removing much of the clothing.

It is customary for some men to urinate in seated or crouched positions. The preferred position may be influenced by cultural or religious beliefs. A meta-analysis [24] summarizing the evidence found no superior position for young, healthy males. For elderly males with LUTS however, in the sitting position compared to the standing:. This urodynamic profile is related to a lower risk of urologic complications, such as cystitis and bladder stones.

An erection is the stiffening and rising of the penis, which occurs during sexual arousal , though it can also happen in non-sexual situations. Spontaneous erections frequently occur during adolescence due to friction with clothing, a full bladder or large intestine, hormone fluctuations, nervousness, and undressing in a nonsexual situation. It is also normal for erections to occur during sleep and upon waking. See nocturnal penile tumescence.

The primary physiological mechanism that brings about erection is the autonomic dilation of arteries supplying blood to the penis, which allows more blood to fill the three spongy erectile tissue chambers in the penis, causing it to lengthen and stiffen. The now-engorged erectile tissue presses against and constricts the veins that carry blood away from the penis.

More blood enters than leaves the penis until an equilibrium is reached where an equal volume of blood flows into the dilated arteries and out of the constricted veins; a constant erectile size is achieved at this equilibrium. The scrotum will usually tighten during erection. Erection facilitates sexual intercourse though it is not essential for various other sexual activities. Although many erect penises point upwards see illustration , it is common and normal for the erect penis to point nearly vertically upwards or nearly vertically downwards or even horizontally straight forward, all depending on the tension of the suspensory ligament that holds it in position.

The following table shows how common various erection angles are for a standing male, out of a sample of 1, males aged 20 through In the table, zero degrees is pointing straight up against the abdomen, 90 degrees is horizontal and pointing straight forward, while degrees would be pointing straight down to the feet.

An upward pointing angle is most common. Ejaculation is the ejecting of semen from the penis, and is usually accompanied by orgasm. A series of muscular contractions delivers semen, containing male gametes known as sperm cells or spermatozoa , from the penis.

It is usually the result of sexual stimulation , which may include prostate stimulation. Rarely, it is due to prostatic disease. Ejaculation may occur spontaneously during sleep known as a nocturnal emission or wet dream. Anejaculation is the condition of being unable to ejaculate. Ejaculation has two phases: emission and ejaculation proper.

The emission phase of the ejaculatory reflex is under control of the sympathetic nervous system , while the ejaculatory phase is under control of a spinal reflex at the level of the spinal nerves S2—4 via the pudendal nerve. A refractory period succeeds the ejaculation, and sexual stimulation precedes it. The human penis has been argued to have several evolutionary adaptations. The purpose of these adaptations is to maximise reproductive success and minimise sperm competition.

Sperm competition is where the sperm of two males simultaneously resides within the reproductive tract of a female and they compete to fertilise the egg. This is the process whereby males unwittingly invest their resources into offspring of another male and, evolutionarily speaking, should be avoided. The most researched human penis adaptations are testis and penis size , ejaculate adjustment and semen displacement.

Evolution has caused sexually selected adaptations to occur in penis and testis size in order to maximise reproductive success and minimise sperm competition. Sperm competition has caused the human penis to evolve in length and size for sperm retention and displacement. As a result, this adaptation also leaves the sperm less vulnerable to sperm displacement and semen loss. Another reason for this adaptation is that, due to the nature of the human posture, gravity creates vulnerability for semen loss.

Therefore, a long penis, which places the ejaculate deep in the vaginal tract, could reduce the loss of semen. Another evolutionary theory of penis size is female mate choice and its associations with social judgements in modern-day society. These varied in height, body shape and flaccid penis size, with these aspects being examples of masculinity.

This is reflected in the association between believed sexual prowess and penis size and the social judgement of penis size in relation to 'manhood'. Like the penis, sperm competition has caused the human testicles to evolve in size through sexual selection. The human testicles are moderately sized when compared to other animals such as gorillas and chimpanzees, placing somewhere midway.

Research has also demonstrated that evolutionary adaptations of testis size are dependent on the breeding system in which the species resides. Human males live largely in monogamous societies like gorillas, and therefore testis size is smaller in comparison to primates in multi-male breeding systems, such as chimpanzees. The reason for the differentiation in testis size is that in order to succeed reproductively in a multi-male breeding system, males must possess the ability to produce several fully fertilising ejaculations one after another.

One of the primary ways in which a male's ejaculate has evolved to overcome sperm competition is through the speed at which it travels.

Ejaculates can travel up to 30—60 centimetres at a time which, when combined with its placement at the highest point of the vaginal tract, acts to increase a male's chances that an egg will be fertilised by his sperm as opposed to a potential rival male's sperm , thus maximising his paternal certainty.

In addition, males can—and do—adjust their ejaculates in response to sperm competition and according to the likely cost-benefits of mating with a particular female. The number of sperm in any given ejaculate varies from one ejaculate to another. A male will alter the number of sperm he inseminates into a female according to his perceived level of sperm competition, [29] inseminating a higher number of sperm if he suspects a greater level of competition from other males.

In support of ejaculate adjustment, research has shown that a male typically increases the amount he inseminates sperm into his partner after they have been separated for a period of time. Increasing the number of sperm a male inseminates into a female acts to get rid of any rival male's sperm that may be stored within the female, as a result of her potential extra-pair copulations EPCs during this separation. Through increasing the amount he inseminates his partner following separation, a male increases his chances of paternal certainty.

This increase in the number of sperm a male produces in response to sperm competition is not observed for masturbatory ejaculates.

Males also adjust their ejaculates in response to sperm competition in terms of quality. Research has demonstrated, for example, that simply viewing a sexually explicit image of a female and two males i. A female's phenotypic quality is a key determinant of a male's ejaculate investment. Increasing investment in females with high quality phenotypic traits therefore acts to offset the ejaculate investment of others.

Through assessing a female's phenotypic quality, males can judge whether or not to invest or invest more in a particular female, which will influence their subsequent ejaculate adjustment. The shape of the human penis is thought to have evolved as a result of sperm competition. This means that in the event of a rival male's sperm residing within the reproductive tract of a female, the human penis is able to displace the rival sperm, replacing it with his own. Semen displacement has two main benefits for a male.

Firstly, by displacing a rival male's sperm , the risk of the rival sperm fertilising the egg is reduced, thus minimising the risk of sperm competition. However, males have to ensure they do not displace their own sperm. It is thought that the relatively quick loss of erection after ejaculation, penile hypersensitivity following ejaculation, and the shallower, slower thrusting of the male after ejaculation, prevents this from occurring. The coronal ridge is the part of the human penis thought to have evolved to allow for semen displacement.

Research has studied how much semen is displaced by differently shaped artificial genitals. It does this by forcing the semen under the frenulum of the coronal ridge, causing it to collect behind the coronal ridge shaft. The presence of a coronal ridge alone, however, is not sufficient for effective semen displacement. It must be combined with adequate thrusting to be successful. It has been shown that the deeper the thrusting, the larger the semen displacement.

No semen displacement occurs with shallow thrusting. The behaviours associated with semen displacement, namely thrusting number of thrusts and depth of thrusts , and duration of sexual intercourse , [50] have been shown to vary according to whether a male perceives the risk of partner infidelity to be high or not.

Males and females report greater semen displacement behaviours following allegations of infidelity. In particular, following allegations of infidelity, males and females report deeper and quicker thrusting during sexual intercourse. Circumcision has been suggested to affect semen displacement. Circumcision causes the coronal ridge to be more pronounced, and it has been hypothesised that this could enhance semen displacement.

Females report that their vaginal secretions diminish as intercourse with a circumcised male progresses, and that circumcised males thrust more deeply. The first successful penis allotransplant surgery was done in September in a military hospital in Guangzhou , China. A recently brain-dead man, aged 23, was selected for the transplant.

Despite atrophy of blood vessels and nerves, the arteries , veins , nerves and the corpora spongiosa were successfully matched. But, on 19 September after two weeks , the surgery was reversed because of a severe psychological problem rejection by the recipient and his wife.

In , researchers Chen, Eberli, Yoo and Atala have produced bioengineered penises and implanted them on rabbits. This study shows that in the future it could be possible to produce artificial penises for replacement surgeries or phalloplasties. In the world's first successful penis transplant took place in Cape Town , South Africa in a nine-hour operation performed by surgeons from Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital.

The year-old recipient, who had been sexually active, had lost his penis in a botched circumcision at An Italian nonprofit known as Foregen is working on regrowing the foreskin, with the procedure potentially being partially surgical.

In many cultures, referring to the penis is taboo or vulgar, and a variety of slang words and euphemisms are used to talk about it. Phallus worship is found in several religions , for example St.

As it heals, myofibroblast s are going to pull it together. Once again, slow steady progress is how to win at stretching. You have to take a step backwards to take two steps forward. I was stretching too fast before, and inside the foreskin was raw and some was getting blistered. I was learning to ignore pain. In the previous photos the skin was thickening and swollen. Now the skin feels soft and more pliable than ever. Pain is bad. If you feel pain, stop for a few days and let it heal up. Still going slowly.

The opening is 8. Folded up, it went in with no problems. I eventually yanked it out. It was like being stabbed. I leaped across the bathroom. Read all about the incident here. I hope to be ready to use them within two weeks. The whiteness is from zinc-oxide diaper cream that I use to moisturise. Every few days they cause a tiny tear and I have to wait for it to heal. Stretching my foreskin with two Q-Tips.

I do this for 10 minutes at a time, three to four times a day. This method is not recommended on the Phimosis Discussion Board because remnants of cotton can stay inside your foreskin and cause infection. I only need to get to 9. The outline of the white circle is the tight ring that I stretch.

Inside the circle, the lighter area is the inner foreskin starting to fold out. The Q-tip method is working well. Only another half millimetre to go before I can use the Phimocure! Sitting there for 10 minutes is certainly boring.

Its starting to do tricks. The lighter inner foreskin is showing. After stretching for a week with the two Q-tip method, I managed to get the 10mm phimocure ring in, and more importantly, out again without pain. I pinch the ring into into a heart shape to make it smaller and push it in, then let it snap open. Sometimes this task is easy, but when the foreskin rolls out it is hard to get it inside the tight ring.

I wear it for an hour at a time every day. I wrote a review of the rings. The smallest ring hurts for a few minutes after I put it in, but then the pain subsides. Removing it stings. I still do the Q-Tip stretches in the morning and at night, and put in the ring for about an hour during the day. Is it working?

I feel progress is stalled since I switched to Phimocure. I tried to use the next ring size That white ring is worrying. Maybe the ring sits in the wrong place. I might try giving a couple of days of rest. As I found before, a break for a couple of days works wonders. The first evidence that the Phimocure ring was working was it was getting easier to pull out, and the sting afterwards was absent.

I put in the It is still tight but doing its job. I leave it in for an hour a few times a day while I spend time with my kids. These pictures are useful. For the past three days I r everted to the Q-Tip method because the Since the pregnancy 16 months ago, I had sex a second time. I was able to climax in minutes. I attribute this success to nofap , rather than my changing foreskin. For the first time in my life, I was able to poke my glans with my finger.

In all my 35 years I never expected that. My skin always covered it so tightly that the pressure made it equally hard all around. The Circumcision Diary guy had that happen after his surgery. If I just lightly touch the glans I barely feel anything, compared to the foreskin. Only when I apply some pressure do I get a pain like poking an eye. The foreskin has nearly all the sensation compared to the glans.

I only used Q-tips all week to stretch 10 minutes, 3 to four times a day. My new hobby is lotion-making, so I whipped up one in my kitchen using these ingredients:. You can use any moisturizing cream with as few ingredients as possible. I find a lotion works better than a pure oil, because it contains water too.

First of all, I feel like my fingers should not be there. Imagine you had a deep wound on your arm, already healing, itchy and sensitive, and you are running your fingers around inside. You feel each light touch as something many times larger than it is.

You feel like you should stop, because you might fuck something up and cause some serious damage. It is sensitive. It is like poking an eye, painful, but with overtones of nasty pleasure because it is the end of my penis. It is like running your fingers on the pink, new skin that grows on a sunburn. At the same time, even being highly sensitive, it is numb, when compared with the foreskin. With my fingertip, I can lightly tap my foreskin, over and over, with the barely the weight of a housefly, and be driven to ecstasy in minutes.

But if I tap my glans this would not happen unless I pushed on it. This video explains the difference. The glans is like the back of your hand. Touching your foreskin is comparable to lightly touching your palm. I estimated the opening to be The foreskin was starting to get thick and swollen, so I took a three day break where I did nothing. Afterwards I recovered all the progress and more. When I pull it back hard, the glans starts to squish and slip through.

Once again I took a two day break in the middle of the week for recovery. Also I squirt in some lotion every day to keep it moist. I can see my complete frenulum now, and it is only about 5mm long.

If the frenulum is too short, it could prevent retraction even if the opening is large enough. No change from last week. It happens sometimes. There is some visual progress. The Q-Tips are very narrow and they are digging a notch into my foreskin, so I came up with something else.

Even so, I was able to craft these stretching devices out of Coolmorph plastic. Roll a the plastic into a tube. Slightly flatten the tube into an oval shaped cross section. Then as it hardens, bend the ends to create a hockey-stick. Make sure there all the edges are rounded. I use them like two fingers, to pull and hold the opening for 10 minutes at a time. Just more of the same. A few days I only did twice. I made larger ones, and I use a drop of Astroglide lube to help get them in.

They will be much better. I still use the steroid cream whenever I remember. The wetness is Astroglide lube from stretching using the Coolmorph sticks. I was able to fit the fifth one in today but it hurt a lot. I thought the white skin was scar tissue, but based on this post it might be smegma.

Olive oil is supposed to work well when the time comes. Slow progress. Looking back, it seems to have slowed when I switched from using Q-tips to the Coolmorph sticks for stretching. After reverting to the Q-Tips for stretching, I can feel the difference. It seems to be looser and when I remove the 4th Phimocure ring, the pain is much less.

For some reason I have not discovered, the thick Coolmorph sticks that I created did not work. The thinner Q-Tips are better. I am using Q-Tips as well as the 5th phimocure ring The Q-Tips work very well, but they are digging a notch into the side of my foreskin again. I try to shift them around to avoid the notch when I stretch. Not too much happening? It seemed to work. When squeezed, it pushes outwards. However, I seem to be reaching its limits quickly.

I got sick of using the 4 phimocure ring so I moved up to the 5 20mm. It was very difficult to get it to unfold. I had to press the crease inside with my finger. Once onfolded, a corner slip out over the rim and it would fall out. After the sixth try it worked. It hurt to go in and hurt to come out. After I wore it a few times for no more than an hour it left a circular red cut. After the cut healed, I had to move down two rings, but by the evening I could fit in the big one again.

I nearly managed to retract when flaccid. The top of the foreskin caught under the corona ridge. It looked strangled, like squeezing a water balloon through a ring.

I got scared of paraphimosis and quickly lifted it back over. It felt very strange. It does seem to cut into the skin eventually no matter what I try. I allow it to heal and keep at it. I made a wonderful discovery this week. Sometimes it takes 15 tries to get it to unfold with all parts inside the tight band of skin. However, after applying a dab of Astroglide lube, it unfolds easily and less painfully in only one or two tries.

Here are some photos of retracting when flaccid. So, after 35 years, where is all that smegma? If I work up to it, I can insert the next Phimocure Ring 22mm. Five weeks later, and not much change. You can clearly see the phimotic ring now. This is the tightest part.

It is as thin as a thread and does not expand. Here is what happens when I pull down further while erect. This is not very painful, but it stings when the skin is uncomfortably stretched. I thought the ring was caused by some trauma with the phimocure rings, but since it is clearly the tightest part, I no longer think so.

It is just what used to be the tiny 3mm circle. When I wear the rings, sometimes they are painful and other times they are not. I have now discovered why. Imagine an elastic band holding some cloth around a cylinder. Sometimes, some skin bunches up and is trapped under the tight band, being strangled. Blood flow is cut off. Careful placement of the rings are essential to make sure no skin is trapped under the phimotic band. Major breakthrough this week! Several commenters were saying that they leave the phimocure rings in all the time, even overnight.

I had tried this before and it left a bleeding ring. But due to my lack of progress, I decided to try again, but move down a ring size. I found a size that I could put in and leave in with no pain, but would still stay in.

After two days I had no problems, and it was getting very loose, so I moved up a ring size. If only I had tried earlier, I could have saved 16 weeks of work. Leaving the ring in all the time is working! I moved up to the 7th one, which is 22mm in diameter. I can now retract fully when erect, but not easily. For these photos, I pull only as much as I can comfortably. All my life, sex has been frustrating. Orgasm was a treacherous mountain climb. This week, I have for the first time experienced sex the way it was meant to be, and surprisingly while wearing  a condom.

Usually, a condom means there is no chance of me enjoying it. This time, I was able to pull back the skin all the way before I put the condom on. The difference is amazing. No longer was it an exhausting mental battle to get to the mountain top. Instead, within seconds, I was airlifted to the path right at the summit. If I wanted to I could leap up to the top and climax. Instead I wandered around with my partner, giddy, gazing into the sunset, smelling the fresh mountain air and appreciating the beauty around me.

No, this time, my wife took my hand and we strolled together all the way to the top, and we both enjoyed our journey. I am on ring nine and there are five left. I am wearing one 24 hours a day and moving through them about every 3 days. Though they are working amazingly well, today I will switch to Phimostop because they have sent me some samples to review.

I was making great progress, going up ring sizes every few days, while wearing them all the time. Then I got a yeast infection. By the time I got over it a week later, it shrunk down eight sizes.

I tried desperately to get back to where I was, but in the process, wearing the ring so long made a tiny cut my frenulum. The frenulum is very sensitive, and it made wearing rings impossible for a few weeks. Luckily, these gifts arrived from Japan. I could have used Q-tips again, but with the Glansie commision link lying around my house, waiting to be reviewed, I used it instead. I was able to stretch without involving the frenulum and let it heal. Within three weeks I quickly approached the limits of the tool.

It certainly works. But this prompted me to try again. I was able to wiggle in two fingers. I can finally confirm that finger stretching is very effective. The constant feedback of being able to feel the tight ring in your hands, and pull it as hard as you find comfortable, without the risk of injury, makes fingers the best tool you can use. The phimotic ring feels just like  thread, and leaves a mark when you pull it. Finger stretches are very effective and I highly recommend them.

They have much less risk of injury than any other method. I do them for 5 minutes times a day and I can feel the difference. I can fit in three fingers now. At this point, the limiting factor is my frenulum, which always wants to pull it back up. Because of this, I was never at any risk for paraphimosis, when the foreskin gets trapped in the retracted position.

The tight ring seems to pass through the frenulum. I am still not sure if this was caused by the Phimocure rings when I was wearing them too long. As I look at the white stretch marks, run my fingers over the hard white bumps, I start to fear that I have lichen sclerosus, but then if I did, how would I have been able to get this far? The frenulum presents a new challenge, though. I have been stretching it with equal intensity, and if it is changing, it is happening very slowly.

Admittedly, I  can see a difference now that I look at the photos from 10 weeks ago. Someone else messaged me on twitter to thank me. He has gone from 10mm to 30mm using overnight flesh tunnels, in 2. He also applied a moisturizing cream. After giving up a little, I went back to using the Glansie, then reached its limit in a few days, and then finger stretched a few times a day. I still have phimosis,  but a very mild case.

My frenulum is short and fat and holds the skin back. I think I stretched it too, albeit mostly horizontally. As I write this, I wear the fifth largest Phimocure ring, and continue to stretch, but I have full mobility of my foreskin.

You can get instant updates on the status of my penis on Twitter. Follow PhimosisJourney  for humour and tips. All puns are very much intended. You mentioned receiving Phimostop sample for evaluation.

Did you ever try it and give it a review for us? Absolutely brilliant site, thank you very much! I have paraphimosis and phimosis, and info is hard to come by. I suffer from phimosis at the age of 73 it is caused by type 2 diabetes.

I could retract my foreskin at a younger age. The phimotic ring is so tight now I cannot retract the foreskin when erect. A few thoughts on going through this process, I also found that the standard shaped flesh tunnels with pronounced rims caused cuts.

So I swapped to using the rounded, ultra thin, flexible, flared flesh tunnels which you can easily get from ebay. You have to put a smaller one inside a bigger one to get them to be strong enough. Also, since the rims are really thin and sharp, you have to begin by wrapping perhaps 1mm of PTFE tape around the tunnels with the larger tunnels get the 15mm wide PTFE tape so you can easily overlap over both rims to begin with.

That makes the edges round and solves the getting cut issue. A 14mm tunnel will then go from about 15mm to 17mm and so on. Other thing, if there is pain at any point you are either going too fast or there is an underlying problem like deep scarring look at removing deep scarring first. Aiming to leave them in all the time I agree with the August 14th post is key.

Phimocure advises a few short stretches a day but that never worked too well for me. As long as the tunnels do not cause pain, leave them in all the time. Add a bit of PTFE tape each day and make sure the tunnel unravels very easily when you put it in and that the tunnel comes out easily at the end of the day. Pain is the enemy. You just have to be patient. I am not sure on how to get to that stage first it is all very confusing for me like is the foreskin the red bit?

Hi there, thanks for sharing your journey. My phimosis story is somewhat different and I reckon tighter than all. Ever since I can remember as a child I had phimosis. The problem was not so much the fact of being unable to pull back the foreskin but rather the inability urinate properly.

Each time I went to piss my foreskin would balloon up and I had to squeeze it for the pressure to release and the urine to evacuate. It would take me no less than 5 minutes to piss in total and I had to carefully control the outflow from the bladder otherwise I was afraid my foreskin would explode as I am sure it almost did at times.

Also it could be very painful. Another problem is that I had to urinate as close to the toilet as possible as the urine would always come out as a spray. I lived with this up until I finally found the courage to tell my parents that I had a problem; aged I did not particularly want to get circumcised but it was definitely better than the phimosis.

I am now attempting to regrow my foreskin through manual restoration methods. It is a long process but I do feel like I have more skin than when I started, and that is quite pleasurable.

As a remark I would add that following my circumcision my glans was so extremely sensitive, I had to spend the week in bed. I would like to regain some of that sensitivity.

Good luck to all, Will. Hi I had a tight foreskin when about 15 and not wanting anything to do with circumcision I used simple soap and warm water to gradually get some improvement , its was slow and I got some sore spots and could only wash with warm water when they were sore no soap at all ,eventually I could retract and play with it , was a bit sore but not often if I got stiff in my shorts it sometimes just popped back on its own so I considered it job done and been o.

I should add that a tight foreskin can be surgically enlarged by a more minor procedure Z plasty ,no skin is removed and healing is quick and results usually good , its low risk and low trauma but you have to insist on it as they will likely try and push you in to a circumcision , say no and stick to your guns. I have the exact case of your phimosis. Will there not be pain , when the glans get exposed slowly. Since the glans has not been exposed at all so far.

Thanks man, btw about that scar tissue — if you already have this, is there a way how to get rid of it? When I remove the stretching ring from my penis, for next hour or so the scar tissue is pinkish and almost invisible. But then as hours go, the scar tissue gets more and more visible, more white and more hard. BUT if the marks looks like a white thread going all the way around the penis. Looking at your blog write-up is a real brilliant experience. Thank you for taking into consideration readers at all like me, and I desire for you the best of achievements as a professional in this field.

Hey man, that white patched ring, have you figured out what to do with it? My white ring is more visible on right half of foreskin. See a real professional pro foreskin urologist.

You need to use betamethasone cream 2 weeks on 2 weeks off on the ring, until it disappears. Scarring heals. Trying to sandpaper away a scar is about the single most counter productive thing you can do. Hey mate — i am currently doing this now — If you cycle on and off 2 on 2 off will it eventually dissapear? Been using the cream for 1 week now — 1 week to go then ill jump off it — would love to know if it dissapears eventually HOWEVER i know it is partial scar tissue so perhaps a bit of it can never heal but making it least obvious would be great!

Thanks fore your story. I am going threw the same process I just have one question? Amazing journey. Admire your tenacity and courage. And by the way…. Like this from childhood? I used to lye in bath tub in warm water and used a trigger type Spray Gun the sort of thing used for spraying pants I would pull my foreskin over the nozzle assembly and pump water into my foreskin causing it to Stretch.

I am currently on ring one. Hey, I have totally the same penis as you have on the last picture and this white ring is the problem to me. You know what that is? I had the same thing but mine wasnt that sever. However would appreciate advise.

My son is only 10, he seen a doctor yesterday who suggested circumcision for a very tight foreskin that seems to be restricting growth.

His Penis is very small and after a swimming lesson other boys laughed at him. Bloody cruel kids!! However, would stretching help on a child? Are other procedures like preputioplasty just as bad? What about dorsel slit?

However I really think keeping his foreskin is best. I suspect the Dr himself would have been circumcised as he was middle eastern. He told me that surgery the best option ugh. Does tight skin restrict Growth? Thanks in advance for any advice given.

I tryed that its a long cruel process thank about your boy and have him circumcised and let him not have that worry when he gets married he going to say pop why didnt youll take care of this.

Hello, I have been reading a lot about phimosis i am a sufferer and all i got was getting circumcised or stretching is best exercise.. Then i came across your blog, and i share the feelings. My skin is so tight i could barely even see the opening i cant even put in single cotton stub a.

Thanks for amazing experience P. If it was me and ive been there the circumcision was the best move i could have made. Firstly well done and also thank you! Doctor said this will fade after operation but you should expect a lot of pain post op. My condition is at about 33 weeks on your progress. I want to ask you a question, how did you have children?

I cannot have sex without a condom on. Thank you once again! Thinking that circumcision would result in an insensitive glans proved not to be the case for me. After my year getting the foreskin to remain retracted I still have as much pleasure as before that period. So in my view, circumcised guys still have as much pleasure as us foreskin guys.

If it hursts that bad and you and your wife agree on kids cut a hole in the end of the condom them little fellowers will swim right up stream where they belong there persistant just a tiny hole. Great information and excellent work you have accomplished. I had no such problem but it took me 10 years to get my foreskin to stay back like a circumcised penis. You certainly had to endure much more that this. You certainly had to endure much more thatn this. Wow, really glad, and not at the same time, I found your blog!

I refused to allow my son to be circumcised even though his father is. There is no reason for a 7-year-old to have a retractable foreskin. The average age for first full retraction is 10 and a half.

The foreskin was designed to remain at least partially fused to the glans until sexual maturity. Some boys can spontaneously do it at 3 years old, and others not until None of the techniques in this blog should be applied to an elementary school age child. Thank you for that reply!! Not that he will want to tell me by then. But I could always show him this blog.

How much I agree with this. I blame my parents entirely for my phimosis, as they taught me to pull the skin back whenever I washed my body or bathed. I first noticed a tightening ring about age eight, and after that could no longer pull it back. With no internet I had no source of stretching information, andnever told my parents.

Sex after circ. At 70 sex is now very underwhelming. Parents and doctors first heir own parents and doctors lack of gdo no harm should be educated about this, and from reading all of these comments, the IGNORANCE out there is still terrifying. Thanks for the opportunity to express this in the hope of saving a few more baby boys from being damaged by their parents and doctors lack of knowledge!

I m a man thats been through alot of pain in my life polio been shot with a. JPG 4, × 3,; 5. A 30 year old male sitting legs wide open. A 35 year old man's erect uncircumcised penis with foreskin retracted to expose glans and scrotum. A 64 year old 4. JPG × ; KB. A 64 year old 7. A 64 year old 8.

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The human penis is an external nakne kvinner intromittent organ that www tinder com serves as the urinal måle penis. The main måle penis are the root radix ; the body corpus ; din sko bergen the epithelium of the penis including the shaft skin and the foreskin prepuce covering the glans penis. The body of the penis naken tiss made sexannonser of three columns of tissue : two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side and corpus spongiosum between them on the ventral side.